The first virus to be recognised as filterable was Tobacco Mosaic Virus,discovered by Russian,named Ivanovski(1882) and by Bejernick (1899) in Holland.On the other hand,filterable animal viruses were discovered for foot and mouth disease of cattle by Loffer and Frosch(1898),and for a human disease,yellow fever by the US army commission.Twort in England and D'Herelle in France in 1916-1917 discovered viruses that infect bacteria i.e. bacteriophages.The first crystallisation of virus was made by Stanley(1935).
After this discovery,it was a matter of great surprise too the scientist that how animals resisted disease.Pasteur observed that old cultures of the bacterium attenuated i.e. lost their disease causing ability,they remain healthy but developed the ability to resist disease.He called the attenuated culture as Vaccine in respect of Edward Jenner because,several years back Jenner had used vaccination with material from cowpox lesion to protect people against smallpox.Emil Von Boehring(1854-1917) and Shibasaburo Kitasato(1852-1931)used inactivated toxin into rabbit,inducing them for antitoxin production.This is how a tetanus antitoxin was prepared and now used in treatment.
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